Professor
Myers’s PowerPoint Review
Lessons:
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Civ. 1 Outlines: Unit 2
Sanders
Deep Roots of
"Western Culture": German/Latin "Melding," and Contrasts
with Cultural "Others"
Byzantine
culture: Roman hierarchy and the Greek tradition
Islamic culture: A new force, and
Arab-Greek"melding"
Germanic
culture: "Barbarian" inroads, and the "melding" of Roman,
Christian, and Germanic cultures
A Single Culture and the Revival of Empire
Frankland:
A Success Story
·
Merovingian
dynasty, 482-751
o
o
Subkingdoms
·
Carolingian dynasty, 751-911
o
Mayors
of the Palace (
§
Pepin
of Heristal (679-714)
§
Charles
Martel (714-741);
§
Pepin
the Short (741-751)
o
Kings
§
Pepin
the Short (751-768); Frankish-Papal alliance; Donation of Pepin
§
Charlemagne
(768-814)
Charlemagne
and His World
·
Territorial
expansion (
·
Administrative
reforms:
o
Counts
o
Missi dominici
o
Capitularies
·
Cultural
renascence:
o
Palace
school (Alcuin of Northumbria, 735-804)
o
Handwriting
reforms
o
Education
of the clergy
·
The
Carolingian empire:
o
Imperial
crowning, Christmas day 800
o
The
decline of the empire:
§
Civil
War: Charlemagne's heirs
§
Louis
I, the Pious (814-840)
§
Lothair
I (d. 855)
§
Louis
the German (d. 876)
§
Charles
the Bald (d. 877)
§
Treaty
of
§
Invasion:
Vikings and Magyars
·
Charlemagne's
legacy
Feudal Society and
Manorialism
Medieval
hierarchy: origins and characteristics
·
Roman
patrons and German kings
·
Warrior
aristocracies
·
Failure
of freedoms in uncertain times
·
An
evolving distinction: noble and base; concept of lordship
·
Place
of the Church
·
Absence
of a "middle class"
Feudalism
vs. manorialism
·
Feudalism
o
"A
set of social and political practices, relationships among nobles (roughly
equals)"
o
Firmly
established only ca. 900-ca.1050
o
Based
on land possession (the fief)
o
Not
so dependent a relationship
·
Manorialism
o
"A
set of social and economic practices, relationships among nobles and commoners
(not equals)"
o
Originated
in late Roman period, possibly earlier (freemen and coloni becoming serfs)
o
Based
on hierarchy, exploitation, need for protection
o
A
dependent relationship
Feudal
relations
·
Origins:
comitatus;
ninth-century chaos
·
The
process of vassalage
o
Commendation
o
Fealty
o
Homage
o
Fief
·
A
reciprocal relationship
o
Lord to vassal
§
Fief
§
Physical
supports
§
Justice
o
Vassal to lord
§
Military
field service (generally forty days)
§
Castle-guard
§
Hospitality
§
Counsel
and Honor
§
Aids
§
Marriage
§
Knighthood
§
Ransom
§
Relief
("inheritance tax")
·
"Feudal
hierarchy"
o
Subinfeudation
o
Liege
homage
·
"Feudal
culture"
o
Chivalry
o
Courtly
love
Manorial
relations
·
Origins:
ancient practice; coloni; protection
·
Necessary
dependency: no social or economic "escapes"
·
A relationship between unequals
o
Lord
to serf
§
Protection
§
Justice
o
Serf
to lord
§
Dues
(e.g., capitation, taille, heriot)
§
Banalities
(lord's wine-press, mill, ovens)
§
Services
(robot, boon, corvée)
The Revival of Towns
in
Traditional
medieval society: collective legal identities
·
Collective
legal identity versus individual
·
Noble
versus common
·
The
Three Estates: function and divine order in theory
o
Church
(pray, provide "social services")
o
Nobles
(fight, keep order)
o
Commoners
(work; = everyone else)
·
"Right":
associated with order, = particular legal status (monopoly)
Revival
of town life
·
Limited
early medieval town life
·
The
revival and extension of trade
o
The
Mediterranean, the Baltic, the North Sea, and the
o
Trade
centers
o
A
second Pirenne thesis: trade and towns (geography and protection)
·
The
evolving autonomy of towns (a new legal and social group)
o
Feudal
interference: services, taxation, marriage, courts, movement
o
Solutions: